From January 1, 2020, the retirement age in Spain will increase to 65 years and 8 months.

Pension opportunities: characterizing the population

Now the number of Spaniards is about 46 million, approximately equal in number of women and men.
An approximate gender distribution can be seen in the table:

Everyone who lives on Spanish territory is divided into three groups:

• from 0 to 14 years;
• from 15 to 64 years old;
• over 65 years old.

From the statistics we can conclude that more guys are born, but the retirement age in Spain is more realistic for women, there are a million more of them.

Gradually, the problem of maintaining the disabled population and its aging is gradually coming to the fore, as in other developed countries. The government sees this and is trying to combat the problem.

Fare

The average bill for a taxi ride within the city is 340 rubles. The cost of 1 liter of gasoline is 84-88 rubles.

Buying a car

A car purchased more than 2 years ago and driven over 50,000 km is considered used, and accordingly, the price is reduced by half.

The approximate cost is presented in the table:

Rent a Car

You can rent a car in Romania from 400 rubles per day. The final cost depends on the client’s needs: car class, use of additional options. Rental is available for people over 21 years of age who have a driver's license and an international credit card.

Public transport

One bus ticket in Romania costs about 33 rubles. A monthly pass can be purchased for 536 rubles. The metro in Bucharest will cost 76 rubles. for 2 trips.

Gasoline prices

Gasoline 95 in Romania costs approximately 88-89 rubles. Fuel 98 grade can be purchased for 93 rubles.

Features of provision

Everything is done to ensure that every person feels protected and does not worry about what his life will be like abroad in old age. The main requirements are as follows:

• reach 67 years for men and 65 for women to receive old-age benefits;
• have a total work experience with payment of social contributions of at least 15 years.

If both of these conditions are met, then you can count on a decent monthly amount. In addition, pensioners have access to a discount on the purchase of medications from 60 to 90% of their full cost and can receive free medical care.

Travel on public transport depends on the region - you can use it without paying or at reduced rates.

The state provides residents with interest clubs, the opportunity to attend excursions and go to the sea. Special discos are initiated especially for senior citizens.

Property value

The price of apartments in Romania has been rising rapidly recently. The main reason is economic development, increased living standards, and low interest rates.

Ownership of housing

In Bucharest, you can buy an apartment in 2020 from €1,290 per m2. In Cluj-Napoca (the second city of Romania), real estate will cost €2,008 per unit area. Developers are expanding and actively launching new projects.

A foreign citizen can buy a house in Romania, but it is very difficult to obtain ownership of a plot of land.

Rent

You can rent real estate by the sea in Romania inexpensively. A daily rental of an apartment will cost 1,500 rubles, for a month – 12,000 rubles. The price of a hotel room for 2 people is 2700 rubles.

Payment of utility services

The monthly payment for the benefits of civilization in the capital of Romania varies from 1800 to 3600 rubles. The final value depends on many factors: the area of ​​personal living space, current tariffs, season, etc.

How is the standard pension calculated in Spain for residents: what affects the consistency

How much will be credited to the card depends on several parameters:

• years of retirement;
• work experience;
• salaries during this time;
• contributions to social insurance funds.

Men become pensioners at 67 years old, women stop working earlier - at 65 years old. But according to the new program, by 2027 the age will rise to 67 years, regardless of gender. In some cases, you can retire at age 61, but this does not apply to everyone. Only those residents who quit their jobs and stayed on the stock exchange for more than six months can act this way. But it is worth remembering that the amount they receive will be on average 10% lower than that of those who went on vacation on time. But we'll talk about this later.

The following monthly deductions are established:

• If you start vacationing before the official date, then 7,770 euros will be credited to your card. If there is a dependent spouse, the amount increases to 9,600 annually.
• The minimum disability pension in Spain is 11,800 euros per year.
• If you quit within the required years, then it is 8,300 euros and 10,220 euros if there are disabled citizens in the family.

Who is eligible for benefits?

Some categories of citizens retire according to preferential rules. This usually applies to people whose work was associated with dangerous, difficult or difficult working conditions: railway workers and agricultural workers. Additionally, the list includes specialists of amazing professions - bullfighters, artists and performers.

For them, this figure is lower by law. Those who work on any ships or water platforms receive a coefficient that reduces their output years by 0.1-0.4 from the standard.

Funds: what are they and what are they for?

The average payment is almost 1000 euros per month, but this is not enough to cover all needs and desires. Therefore, Spaniards often strive to collect another amount by the time they begin to grow old. To do this, they participate in a program called Plan de Pension. Those who are members transfer a small part of their salary to the chosen bank every month for several years.

You are allowed to invest your own savings in various investment products. This is more profitable, but also risky. You need to consider how reliable the chosen method is and what commissions you will have to pay for using it.

If you save such small amounts every month, then after reaching the appropriate age you can receive a significant increase in benefits. If the account owner dies, all his money is inherited by his children or spouse. If you have a serious work injury, you may be able to receive funds sooner.

The state is trying to develop programs: it provides benefits, co-finances social contributions, but no more than a fifth of all residents participate in this undertaking.

Everyday life of Spanish pensioners

Spanish pensioners are energetic, mobile, and lead an active social life until their very old age. Not only their natural love of life and optimism, but also the state helps them not to feel abandoned. Since 1985, the Institute of Social Assistance for the Elderly has been established in the country.

A well-deserved vacation in Spain means good pensions, free medicine and medicines, discounted or free travel on public transport (each region has its own rules), cheap products and services, a quiet, comfortable lifestyle.

There are leisure centers for retirees everywhere In spacious, bright rooms, gymnastics classes are held, theater, music, and poetry clubs operate, and lessons in computer science, embroidery, and handicrafts are organized. And the most popular classes are choral singing and Russian porcelain lessons.

The government's travel and recreation program for seniors organizes trips to historical sites, excursions to museums and... annual vacations at resorts. The state pays for tickets, all-inclusive hotel stays, insurance and even entertainment. The only dissatisfaction is that it is impossible to get to the Canaries without a queue.

There are three types of pensions in the country:

• regular - based on length of service - paid from the state social insurance fund (Seguridad social);
• for those who have no or insufficient experience;
• private pension programs.

The state organizes and fully pays for elderly people to take vacations at resorts. Photo: flickr.com/kismihok

Deadline for official retirement in Spain for citizens of the country and the European Union

Life expectancy here is one of the highest in Europe:

• the average, without reference to gender, is 81.2 years;
• among men - 78.2;
• for ladies - 84.4.

At the moment there is a program to increase the parameter from 65 years to 67 years. But pensioners are energetic and efficient, there are many of them, so increasing the figure to 70 years is already being discussed. Moreover, an important question is: is it necessary to do this while only the nuances and parameters on which the update will be implemented are being studied.

All developed countries are faced with the problem of a large number of elderly people, so everywhere a universal increase to 67-70 years is adopted, as in Japan. This does not include the survivor's pension in Spain; it is calculated according to other criteria.

Early exit

There are several ways to receive government support ahead of schedule. There are only 4 of them:

• work experience before 1967;
• worked for 30 years, after which forced dismissal was recorded, and the person registered at the labor exchange;
• at the age of 64, a special benefit was issued;
• the citizen voluntarily transferred part of his salary to the pension fund for 38.5 years.

All sailors and those who worked in hazardous industries are required to go for early payments.

For those who have officially worked for 15 years, 50% of the amount of income during these years is provided, but upon reaching the appropriate age.

Table: at what age is a standard pension allowed - its size in Spain by region

It cannot be said that this country has the largest deductions in the world, but they are larger than in many other countries. Usually they charge from 60 to 100% of the salary, taking into account the amount of contributions that the employee has made throughout his life and his length of service. The higher the value, the higher his earnings.

How does this vary depending on where you live? Let's look in the table.

For calculations, the earnings that the pensioner had in the last 15 years are often used. 2 years are simply counted, the remaining 13 are indexed taking into account current inflation.

What is the minimum and average old-age pension in Spain for people who have worked only 15 years - about 50% of their salary in these years. If the experience is 25 years, then the payment will be about 900 euros. For those who have been working for more than 35 years, their future benefit increases by 2% every year. It is worth considering that in this state there is a difference in the amount depending on gender. Men traditionally have larger deductions than women in many regions, such as Madrid and Extremadura.

Province and urban environment

When talking about Romania, it is difficult to talk only about the urban environment - most of the country is occupied by agriculture. The lifestyle here is different from the city. In rural areas it is difficult to call the population hardworking - the local houses are small, the horses look well-groomed.

One of the most profitable sectors of the economy in 2020 can be called tourism, and a very significant part of the local population works in this area.

Peles Castle located in the Romanian Carpathians

The Romanian Carpathians are called the future Alps, and given the active growth of foreign investment after Romania joined the EU, this may well become a reality. The country is not part of the Schengen zone at the moment and to visit Romania you need to apply for a national visa.

The official language is Romanian, but German and Hungarian are also widely spoken here, and English and French are used in the tourism sector. In general, we can say that the local population speaks few foreign languages, and foreign citizens have to learn Romanian, or use a phrasebook.

The economic sector is firmly based on mining - the gas and oil industries are well developed here. The cost of gasoline is very affordable, there are enough gas reserves. In addition to oil and gas, manganese ores, bauxite and coal are being developed here. The mining industry practically cannot function without the processing industry, which is also abundant here. There are two ports on the Black Sea coast and the Danube, and in addition to processing plants there are also shipbuilding plants.

The agricultural sector is represented by arable land (two thirds are corn and wheat). Widespread crops are sunflowers, beets, and potatoes. In the Carpathian region and Transylvania there are orchards and vineyards, and cattle breeding is also well developed here, with priority given to pigs and sheep.

The economic structure of Romania makes it possible to maintain a strict balance, on the one hand, combining developed industry with agriculture, and on the other hand, attracting bonuses and investments from the rest of the European Union.

What can an unemployed person count on?

As we have already said, in order to receive support from the fund, you need to have a good work history and regularly pay insurance premiums. How much will be transferred depends on the time worked and is assigned to a person from 15 to 66 years old.

According to Spanish law, everyone has the right to receive special unemployment benefits if they have been employed for at least a year over the past 6 years and are currently registered on the stock exchange.

Typically this payment is 70% of what it was at your last job. If there are children or other dependents, the amount is revised upward - up to 80%. Now let’s discuss how a Russian can earn money and receive a pension in Spain. This state has bilateral agreements with Russia and Ukraine on mutual assistance to emigrants who have never worked on foreign territory, but are in a problematic situation. This includes the loss of a breadwinner and injury resulting in disability. If this happens, you can contact social services and ask for help. In all other cases, you will have to follow a longer path. You cannot assume that it is acceptable to move to a new location and immediately apply for benefits. It is important that if there is no special agreement between countries, then it will be impossible to receive any money. Therefore, you should first check the data and then collect documents.

Education

You can get an education in Romania in various educational institutions - there are about fifty of them in total (and they have more than 320 branches); in addition to public educational institutions, there are also 20 private universities. Residents of neighboring countries often prefer Romanian educational institutions - scholarship programs are common here, even for foreigners.

The quality of education is at a good average level, education in Romania can hardly be considered one of the best in Europe, but at the same time it is a good education system that provides a European diploma and is quite affordable.

Medical University building in Bucharest

If we talk about tuition prices, then studying in 2020 will cost about $4,000 for a bachelor’s degree, and about $7,000 for a master’s degree. About a third of the universities are located in Bucharest, the rest are located in Constanta, Cluj, Iasi, Timisoara and Brasov.

The admission process is notable for the absence of entrance tests. After the applicant has chosen a university that meets all his needs, and has also decided on the specialty he wants to obtain, he must submit an application and documents, namely:

• a copy of all pages of the passport;
• a copy of an extract from your personal file and school certificate (required with grades);
• academic certificate (if the applicant has already studied somewhere in his home country);
• medical certificate, which must be translated and certified.

Do not delay submitting documents; the application will be considered for at least two months.

Detailed map of Romania showing cities and roads

In Romania, you can apply to various universities - the number of them is not limited for an applicant. In order to have time to send documents everywhere, it is better to visit the country in advance. Once the applicant is accepted, he will take Romanian language courses for a year. After enrollment, each student is assigned an identification number - it will need to be recorded in the certificate that is issued to obtain a long-term visa.

Almost every university has its own study schedule, but everyone adheres to the general structure - the academic year consists of two semesters, each of 14 weeks. Holidays are available to all students after the first semester, as well as during the summer, Easter and Christmas.

What is the pension in Spain for foreigners, is it possible to receive it?

For citizens of the state, the rules have become stricter; accordingly, for those who are not residents, they have also become stricter.

What is needed for registration

All documents must be translated into Spanish and notarized. They are then submitted to the pension fund along with a pre-filled application.

To qualify for monthly contributions, you must arrive at your permanent place of residence 5 years before the start of official old age. You should legalize and start working before completing the documentation all these years. In total, you must have at least 5 years of work in your new homeland.

At what age do migrants receive a social pension in Spain? It all depends on several factors. For what purpose the new resident moved, how long he worked and how officially he plans to live.

If a person lives in the care of his relatives, then this must be properly documented. At the legislative level, the experience obtained at home and in Spanish cities is summed up, resulting in a total value. But you will have to start collecting documents only 5 years after its occurrence.

There is an option not to work. To do this, you will have to come and live here legally for 10 years. Then the right to receive the minimum benefit will be formed.

At what age does a Russian pension start in Spain? It all depends on how long the citizen lives in the new territory. To get it at 65, you need to be officially employed from 60 to 65 years old and make contributions, or move to permanent residence at 55 years old or earlier.

Problems of reform

The implementation of the new law comes down to extending the required length of service and the age category of future retirees. Naturally, this does not happen painlessly. This decision was made for a long time, through lengthy negotiations. The state had to cope with popular unrest and minimize the risk of uprisings and strikes. Politicians spoke loud speeches with beautiful words.

But gradually it was possible to reach a complex agreement between the government and entrepreneurs. It all ended with the fact that the reform still came into force, but not in 2011, but in 2013. Large trade unions were most opposed, but this did not change the decision of the country’s leadership. Now all the difficulties have been smoothed out, they try not to touch them, so as not to return to the unpleasant moment. But raising the age will soon have to be discussed again to solve the developing problem.

A little history

Location – South-Eastern Europe. The capital is Bucharest, the official language is Romanian. The state has a very ancient past. In the 4th millennium BC. Neolithic culture arose, the Dacian tribes, Greeks, Romans came, and in the 6th century the Slavs began to populate modern Romania.

At the end of the First World War, parliamentary democracy was proclaimed in the country. Full independence was declared in May 1877, and four years later Romania became a kingdom. Currently it is a presidential republic.

What are the difficulties within the social system?

When we figured out what the average pension in Spain is for Russians and residents, it is worth remembering that difficulties may arise in calculation.

The main reason for the difficulties is that fewer people are born in the country than leave and die. That is, the number of able-bodied citizens is gradually decreasing. If life expectancy remains at the same level, then there will be no one to support pensioners. In addition, the unemployment rate is quite high, the main unemployed are young people. In search of earnings, they leave, work illegally, and do not make deductions.

Another category is adult children and grandchildren supported by their elderly parents. They do not strive to earn money, since the older generation provides everything for them. They don't need to look for a specialty. This is a side effect of the functioning of the pension system. In Spain there are a large number of people who, after 67 years, have not left work and continue to work. Now the state allows them to do this; before they did not have this opportunity; they had to retire or work unofficially. When he remains at work, a person receives only half of his well-deserved pension, but this suits the majority. True, it will no longer be possible to get a job in the public service, but in any private organizations you can continue to increase your experience.

Residents who are ready to retire must be 67 years old, or 65 if they have already worked 38.5 years. Social Security chiefs must regularly find money to cover persistent shortfalls in the elderly fund.

We examined many difficulties in the operation of the pension system of a European country, indicated the amount of the minimum old-age pension in Spain for Russians in the exact amount, taking into account all the nuances. We studied payments for citizens of Spanish cities, ways to increase the volume of subsidies and the problems faced by the government in promoting the reform. You can receive benefits in this state if you follow the rules. There is a wonderful climate and decent working conditions, but it’s worth weighing all the advantages and disadvantages of making a decisive move in advance.

Reviews

Vladimir, 35 years old, Ryazan: people in Romania live easily and amicably, despite their modest income and everyday difficulties. I found a job quickly and in my specialty - as a builder. The climate is pleasant.

Ekaterina, 58 years old: I am a pensioner. I work part-time in a private clinic. Young professionals are paid more, and for 4 hours a day I get about $230.

Maxim, 45 years old: I live in a village in Romania. The salary here is low, there are practically no vacancies. Mostly seasonal work, for example, receiving fish, for which they pay a little more than 6 € per day. We have to go to the city.