Concept and types of pensions for state pension provision

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Published: March 18, 2016

Reading time: 8 min

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The monthly pension payment, the procedure for provision of which and the right to receive it are determined by legislative norms (Article of the Federal Law under number 166), refers to state pension provision.

Such payments are provided to citizens as compensation for income that was lost due to termination of public service. Persons who have reached retirement age, as well as citizens who have become disabled as a result of work or a man-made disaster, have the right to receive payments.

Persons who have lost their breadwinner and military personnel who have lost their health while in service can also count on state support.

• Main types
• Payment amounts
• Design rules
• Two pensions - who has the right to receive?

Concept of state pension

It is represented by a monthly payment, which is transferred exclusively to individuals who have the right to government support based on their status. When applying for cash benefits, the provisions of regulations are taken into account.

Attention! A pension is assigned based on reaching a certain age or length of service, as well as in connection with health status or family situation.

State support is offered to persons who suffered from man-made disasters or military conflicts. The payment is due to citizens who have lost their breadwinner or are unable to work for health reasons.

The amount of payment is calculated individually , for which various factors are taken into account, on the basis of which citizens are classified into a certain category of the population.

If a citizen has the right to payment from the state according to several criteria, then he can take advantage of only one compensation, and the largest amount is usually chosen.

Reference! The main points related to the regulation of state pension provision are reflected in Federal Law 166.

Amount and conditions for assigning a state old-age pension in 2020

Reading time: 3 minutes(s) One of the types of pension provision in our country is the state old-age pension. It is not applicable to all pensioners, but only to certain categories of them. Let's talk about this type of payment in more detail.

The concept of state old age pension

The state old-age pension is regulated by the Federal Law “On State Pension Security”. According to this document, it is a monthly cash payment to compensate for wages lost by an employee as a result of loss of ability to work due to reaching a certain age, which is made under the conditions and in the manner established by current Russian legislation.

Conditions of appointment

People go to the state pension earlier than to the pension assigned in the general order. However, for each category of citizens who can be assigned an old-age pension under the state pension system, the age at which they receive it will be different. Below is a table containing information about who can count on a state pension and when a particular employee can go to it.

Another condition is that a citizen applying for a state pension must have an insurance period of a certain duration. Initially, five years of such experience were required, but due to the increase in the retirement age, it is gradually increasing. As of 2020, it takes 8 years, but by 2026 it will increase to fifteen years.

The amount of the state old-age pension

The size of the state pension depends on the size of the social pension. So, it amounts to:

• 250% of social benefits for accident liquidators and other persons who worked directly at the station;
• 200% for citizens who lived or worked in the area of ​​resettlement or residence.

The average social pension as of 2020 is 9,311 rubles.

Citizens who are dependent on disabled persons (children, disabled people) have the right to count on a pension supplement. However, if there are more than three, the bonus is not paid more than three times the amount.

Calculation procedure

Calculating the state old-age pension is not complicated - the size of the social pension is multiplied by the number to which it should be a multiple for a particular category of pensioners. If a citizen is entitled to certain allowances, they are also added to the amount received.

Payment processing procedure

Where to contact?

In order to apply for a state old-age pension, you must contact the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation at your place of registration.

In addition, you can make payments:

• by contacting the MFC;
• by sending an electronic application for a pension using the government services website.

What documents are needed?

For registration, you must provide the following documents to the Pension Fund:

• statement;
• passport;
• documents confirming the duration of the total insurance period (work book);
• documents confirming participation in the elimination of man-made disasters or other circumstances giving the right to a state pension.

You can find out more about the state pension from this video:

Some citizens are entitled not to a regular insurance pension, but to a state pension. These include persons injured during various man-made disasters. At the same time, they must have a certain insurance period. The amount of payments is determined based on the social pension. To obtain them, you must contact the Pension Fund.

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Types of pensions

There are several types of pensions:

• for old age, and the payment is assigned to all persons upon reaching retirement age and having the required number of points and length of service;
• upon loss of a breadwinner, when children or wives are left without means;
• for disability, since citizens lose the opportunity to independently engage in labor activity, so the state provides them with the optimal amount of income;
• for length of service, and payment is offered to persons with significant length of service and other merits;
• social benefits.

The money is allocated from the federal budget and is also represented by compensation for income lost by citizens for various reasons related to reaching old age or loss of ability to work.

What is a state pension

The state pension is a regular payment to certain citizens at the expense of the federal budget and is aimed at compensating for:

1. lost earnings;
2. harm to health;
3. old age (depending on the category of citizens);
4. disability;
5. loss of a breadwinner, or inability to find employment due to the need to care for a disabled person;
6. a number of other situations requiring additional consideration.

The concept of a state pension arose in 2001 as a result of the entry into force of Federal Law No. 166, which is still used today to regulate categories of citizens, the timing of reduction of the retirement age and the total amounts for payments.

Who is entitled to a long-service pension?

This compensation is paid only to persons who worked in government agencies.

These include the following individuals:

• military personnel;
• astronauts;
• civil servants;
• flight personnel.

Upon reaching a specific age, such a payment is assigned to persons who are represented by participants in the liquidation of man-made disasters. If people become ill or disabled during these disasters or during the elimination of the consequences, then they are assigned financial support from the state.

Important! If a military man or astronaut dies, his family members receive a survivor's pension. If such a specialist receives an injury or illness, he is offered a disability pension.

Categories of persons entitled to payments

Individuals working in government agencies who fall into the following categories can count on long-service pensions:

• federal employees;
• military personnel;
• astronauts;
• flight test personnel.

Upon reaching a certain age, financial support is provided to citizens who participated in the elimination of man-made disasters, as well as certain categories of persons who suffered illnesses or became disabled as a result of the impact of the disaster or the elimination of its consequences.

In the event of the death of an individual who is a military personnel, an astronaut or a liquidator of man-made and radiation accidents, members of his family can apply for a survivor's pension. If a citizen has become disabled while performing the labor duties of an astronaut, a conscript, or due to the negative impact of a man-made or radiation disaster on the body, he can apply for a disability pension.

The social pension is awarded to disabled persons who are disabled, including children, citizens of retirement age who do not have the right to receive an insurance pension.

Privileges associated with financial support paid from the budget can be enjoyed by citizens who have made a certain contribution to ensuring the functioning of certain sectors of the state, to protecting it from adverse factors caused by man-made disasters and military actions, as well as to eliminating their consequences. In addition to the citizens already mentioned, financial compensation is due to persons who are:

• residents of Leningrad during its siege, as evidenced by the corresponding status;
• participants of the Second World War;
• victims of man-made disasters and their liquidators.

According to paragraph 3, article 3 of the above law, some categories of citizens have the right to receive two types of pensions at once. These include:

• persons who have become disabled due to war injury (can receive state disability payments and old-age insurance payments);
• persons who participated in the Great Patriotic War (can receive state disability payments regulated by Article 16 of Federal Law No. 166-FZ and old-age insurance payments);
• persons who are the parents of military personnel who died during hostilities or their consequences (can receive state payments in the event of the loss of a breadwinner and insurance payments for old age (disability), or state payments in the event of the loss of a breadwinner and a social pension (for old age, disability) or a pension for length of service);
• widows who lost a spouse during hostilities, but only before entering into a new marriage (can receive state payments in the event of the loss of a breadwinner and insurance payments for old age (disability), or state payments in the event of the loss of a breadwinner and a social pension (for old age, disability) or long service pension);
• disabled persons, family members of citizens who participated in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident (can receive state payments in the event of the loss of a breadwinner and insurance payments for old age (disability) or a social pension according to the same parameters);
• persons awarded the badge “Resident of besieged Leningrad” (can receive state disability payments and old-age insurance payments);
• persons who are members of the families of deceased cosmonauts (can receive government benefits in the event of the loss of a breadwinner and any other type of payment, except for similar insurance and social benefits);
• persons who are federal government employees (can receive a pension for long service and a share of old-age insurance payments in accordance with the Federal Law “On Insurance Pensions”);
• military personnel, except for conscripted sailors, sergeants, foremen (can receive state payments for disability or for long service and old-age insurance payments);
• astronauts (can receive government payments for disability or long service and old-age insurance payments);
• flight test personnel (can receive a pension for long service and a share of old-age insurance payments).

Who is offered the old age pension?

It is issued only to citizens who have officially worked for a sufficient amount of time to gain the required length of service and number of points. In 2020, this requires 11 years of experience and 18.6 points.

Since a large-scale pension reform was carried out in 2020, the above values ​​are gradually increasing. Therefore, by 2025, 15 years of experience and 30 points will be required. If it is not possible to achieve these indicators, then the person receives a social payment, the amount of which does not exceed the subsistence level.

The old-age pension is issued in an application form, and every citizen has the opportunity to check his points in his personal account on the Pension Fund website. Here you can submit applications for recalculation, receive statements or perform other actions without having to visit a branch of the institution.

Based on Federal Law No. 166, not only Russians have the right to pensions, but also foreigners who permanently reside in Russia and pay the required contributions. Social benefits are paid only to foreigners who have any merit to the Russian Federation. The size of the payment from the state is much higher than a regular insurance pension, since it compensates for the loss of potential income that a person could have received if he had not lost his ability to work or become a breadwinner.

State disability pension

Reliable to people of I, II and III disability groups with work experience of at least 1 day. The conditions for receiving disability and employment at the time of application do not matter. When a person is recognized as disabled, the medical and social examination sends supporting documents to the pension authority.

The benefit is issued as long as the disability is justified, or until old age benefits are due. After reaching retirement age, with 15 years of experience and 30 points of the pension coefficient, the disabled person will be entitled to insurance coverage.

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If by this age a person has not achieved the minimum indicators of length of service and points, then payments will be extended for another 5 years until the time comes to receive social assistance in old age.

The disability pension is paid monthly. If you have dependents, additional payments are provided. For disabled northerners, the pension is calculated taking into account the regional coefficient.

Who is paid the survivor's pension?

The payment is assigned to persons who have lost a loved one who provides them financially.

Therefore, it is issued by the following citizens:

• minor children of a deceased citizen;
• children who are over 18 years old, but they are studying full-time at a university in an accredited program, but they must be under 23 years old;
• dependents who were financially supported by the deceased citizen, and these usually include disabled spouses and parents.

Reference! To apply for a survivor's pension for minor children, only an application is required, so no other papers are required, but if the children are over 18 years old, they will have to obtain a certificate of study from the university.

Main types

The types of state pensions relevant for 2020 have been divided into certain groups of categories, which makes it possible to combine clauses of the federal law to simplify further consideration.

Old age pensions

By submitting an application under this item, you can qualify for a reduction in the retirement age. Here, too, everything depends on the specific situation and requires compliance with the conditions.

• liquidators of the accident (period 1986-87), evacuated citizens and people with disabilities due to the consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant can apply for a reduction in the retirement age by 10 years. To do this, it is necessary to be 50 years old for men and 45 for women, an individual pension coefficient of at least 13.8 and an insurance period of more than 9 years. These requirements are also relevant for the points below;
• accident liquidators (period 1987-90) who suffered radiation sickness or other disease associated with radioactive exposure, as well as workers in the exclusion zone, can apply for a reduction in the retirement age by 5 years;
• employees of resettlement zones, or those living in these zones until resettlement, apply for a reduction in retirement age by 3 years + 6 months. for each year lived in this zone. The total period cannot exceed 7 years.

Disability pensions

This type of state pension is awarded for incapacity for work due to age or disability. Here the division is as follows:

1. military personnel. The largest category. Issued if the injury that led to the assignment of a disability group was acquired during service or diagnosed no later than 3 months after official dismissal;
2. cosmonauts, test pilots who were injured during the training process or during the official flight;
3. disability resulting from man-made disasters (Chernobyl accident);
4. WWII participants. It is required to provide a certified ITU document confirming the involvement of the disability.

Survivor's pensions

State pension in connection with the death of a breadwinner is assigned to:

• persons under 18 years of age. Funds can be paid to natural and adopted children. Living together does not matter;
• spouse who has received a certificate of incapacity for work. Upon remarriage, this right is canceled;
• categories of citizens who have working status, but cannot start working due to caring for a child under 14 years of age;
• The parents, grandparents of the deceased who are recognized as disabled are also paid a state survivor's pension.

Social pensions

Federal Law No. 166 includes the following categories of citizens who can receive social benefits:

1. children under 18 years of age, as well as full-time students (up to 23 years of age) who are left without a parent/parents;
2. disability assistance is established separately for all groups, as well as for disabled children;
3. people who have reached retirement age and do not have grounds for insurance payments (insurance pension).

Features of social pension

Based on the new pension reform, all pensions paid by the state are divided into three types: insurance, social and funded. Social benefits are assigned exclusively to citizens who have an unusual status and therefore require financial support from the state.

When calculating social benefits, length of service and other criteria important for an insurance pension are not taken into account. It is offered to disabled people or minor citizens.

The rules for transferring funds include:

• money is paid monthly based on a special schedule;
• often they are accrued together with other pensions or other payments from the state;
• You must apply for payments to PF representatives;
• To receive funds, a citizen applying for a pension must prepare an application and other documents confirming his status;
• The application form can be obtained directly from PF employees or downloaded from the website;
• the application lists the main circumstances on the basis of which a person applies for state support, for example, indicating old age, disability group or loss of a breadwinner;
• if a survivor's pension is issued, then a death certificate is included in the package of documents, and if the recipient is a disabled spouse, then she must submit a marriage certificate and a certificate of disability;
• If an adult child studying full-time at a university applies, he needs a certificate from the educational institution.

Representatives of small nationalities can count on early retirement , but they must have papers confirming their status, and a certificate can be obtained from the local administration or from the community manager.

Since disabled people have to regularly confirm their status by passing a special commission, a new certificate will have to be constantly handed over to PF employees. It is permissible to involve a representative in this process, since people with disabilities cannot always visit different institutions on their own. The authorized person must have a power of attorney certified by a notary.

You should apply for payments to the Pension Fund at your place of registration. If a person does not have permanent registration, then a department at the place of temporary stay is selected. The procedure can be performed at any time, as there are no time restrictions.

You can submit documents during a personal visit to the authority, as well as by sending documents by mail or using the services of the MFC. If you have an identified account, the capabilities of the State Services portal are used.

Size

The amount of the state old-age pension is determined depending on many factors . Persons who were exposed to radiation or became disabled due to a man-made accident are entitled to monthly payments in the amount of 250 percent of the social pension.

Important! Russians who live or work in places with high levels of radiation receive 200 percent of their social pension every month.

If a citizen is the breadwinner of disabled relatives, the pension is calculated taking into account the changed amount of social payments. In this case, the minimum established social pension is increased by 1,441 rubles for each disabled family member (no more than 3 people).

For people who live in the northern regions, regional coefficients are taken into account when assigning and determining the amount of pension benefits. They are established for each subject of the Russian Federation and depend on local conditions.

Calculation

Since 2010, the amount of old-age pension payments from the state is calculated taking into account the social pension. Let's look at an example of how the size of the state old-age pension is determined.

Oleg is a Russian who was evacuated from the exclusion zone and resettled from the resettlement zone. He supports a child who has not reached the age of majority and has a disability of the 2nd category.

Oleg, who suffered from the Chernobyl accident and is supporting a disabled child, can receive state old-age pension payments, the amount of which is equal to the amount of 2562 (a fixed indicator of the insurance part of the labor pension for persons who are not anyone’s breadwinners) and 1441 (an allowance for one dependent) , multiplied by 200 percent. Consequently, Oleg can receive 8,006 rubles every month.

Is there an indexation of payments?

The social pension is constantly increasing due to indexation, for which the rate of inflation is taken into account. Relevant resolutions are adopted to increase payments. In April 2020, another indexation was carried out based on PP No. 271. Therefore, a factor of 1.02 is now applied to the base value.

For disabled people of group 3, the pension in 2020 was increased by 88 rubles, and for disabled people of group 2 – by 103 rubles. For disabled people of group 1, the increase was 207 rubles, and for disabled children it was 248 rubles.

Social benefits are issued in different ways, and the appropriate method is indicated by the citizen when filling out the application . To do this, money can be transferred to a bank card or account, and can also be issued by money transfer or through post offices. You can choose to have money delivered by a postman, who comes to the recipient’s home every month, handing out money in cash.